pertubuhan

Pertubuhan is a Malay term that denotes an organization or association formed by individuals or groups to pursue shared goals. It covers a wide range of entities, from informal clubs to formal nonprofit organizations and statutory bodies. The word derives from the root tubuh, meaning body, with the prefix per- indicating formation or organization. In everyday usage, pertubuhan emphasizes the structured and collective nature of the group, as opposed to ad hoc gatherings.

In practice, a pertubuhan typically has a constitution or bylaws, a defined membership, a governing body, and regular meetings. Many pertubuhan operate on a nonprofit basis and rely on membership dues, grants, or donations for funding. Legal recognition is often required for formal status and to obtain a legal personality. In Malaysia, for example, many pertubuhan register with the Registrar of Societies under the relevant legislation to operate with formal recognition, while others may be established as companies or statutory bodies under separate laws. Governance arrangements commonly include elected leadership, a board or committee, and regular reporting to members and, where applicable, regulators.

Pertubuhan can be categorized into associations of professionals, cultural or religious groups, charitable organizations, volunteer groups, or foundations. Their activities may include advocacy, community service, education, research, or cultural promotion, and they may work at local, national, or international levels. The exact rights, obligations, and restrictions of a pertubuhan depend on the national or regional laws governing associations, including registration, fundraising, taxation, and reporting requirements.