patchantennák

A patch antenna, also known as a microstrip antenna, is a type of radio antenna that consists of a flat strip of metal, typically a patch or a radiating element, on one side of a dielectric substrate, with a ground plane on the other side. This structure is often fabricated using printed circuit board technology, making it relatively inexpensive and easy to manufacture.

Patch antennas are characterized by their compact size, low profile, and conformal nature, meaning they can be integrated into various surfaces and structures. They are commonly used in applications where space is limited or where a visually unobtrusive antenna is desired. Their operating frequency is determined by the dimensions of the patch and the dielectric properties of the substrate.

These antennas are typically fed by a microstrip transmission line or a coaxial probe. The polarization of the radiated wave can be controlled by the feeding mechanism and the shape of the radiating element. Patch antennas can be designed to produce linear or circular polarization. They are often used in satellite communication, GPS receivers, mobile phones, RFID systems, and Wi-Fi devices.

While patch antennas offer several advantages, they also have limitations. Their bandwidth is generally narrow, meaning they operate efficiently over a limited range of frequencies. They also tend to have lower radiation efficiency and gain compared to some other antenna types. However, advancements in design and materials are continuously improving their performance characteristics.