pardal

Pardal is the common Portuguese name for small passerine birds in the family Passeridae, most often the house sparrow (Passer domesticus). The term can also be used more generally for related small seed-eating sparrow-like birds in the same group.

The house sparrow is a small bird, about 14 cm in length. Adult males typically have a gray crown, a black bib, and chestnut-brown back with white cheeks, while females and juvenile birds are duller brown with less distinct markings. They are highly adaptable and thrive in human-modified environments.

Distribution and habitat: Pardal refers especially to Passer domesticus, native to Europe, western Asia, and North Africa. It has been introduced widely and now occurs across the Americas, parts of Africa, Asia, and Australia. It is common in urban, suburban, and agricultural habitats, often nesting in buildings and other man-made structures.

Behavior and diet: House sparrows are omnivorous, feeding primarily on seeds and grains but also consuming insects, especially during breeding season. They often forage in flocks and exhibit bold, territorial behavior around food sources. Nests are built in cavities, crevices, or nest boxes, with several broods possible in a year in favorable climates.

Conservation: Globally, the species is not considered threatened and is listed as of Least Concern in many assessments. Local declines can occur due to habitat changes, pesticide exposure, or competition with other birds, and in some areas pardal populations may be regarded as pests because of crop damage or droppings.

Other uses: The term Pardal is also used as a Portuguese surname and appears in toponyms within Portuguese-speaking regions.