paralysies

Paralysies is not a standard medical term. In medical usage, paralysis refers to the loss of muscle function due to nerve impairment; the standard plural is paralyses. The form paralysies may appear as a nonstandard plural or in informal or fictional contexts. This article describes paralysis generally and notes how the term paralysies is encountered.

Paralysis is the loss of voluntary movement and often sensation in part of the body when motor pathways are damaged. It can be partial (paresis) or complete, and it may affect a single limb, both sides, or all limbs, leading to classifications such as monoplegia, diplegia, hemiplegia, or quadriplegia. Paralysis can be temporary or permanent, depending on the cause and the success of treatment.

Causes are diverse and include central nervous system events like stroke or traumatic brain injury; spinal cord injury; diseases such as multiple sclerosis and Guillain-Barré syndrome; peripheral nerve disorders; infections, toxins, and metabolic disturbances; as well as functional or psychogenic paralysis. The distribution and progression of paralysis typically reflect the site and extent of neural injury.

Diagnosis relies on clinical examination and history, supported by targeted tests such as imaging (MRI, CT), electrophysiological studies (EMG, nerve conduction), and laboratory analyses to identify underlying etiologies. In some cases, lumbar puncture or additional studies may be indicated.

Treatment depends on the underlying cause and aims to restore function, reduce harm, and prevent complications. Acute management may involve emergency interventions for stroke or spinal injury, while long-term care emphasizes physical and occupational therapy, assistive devices, medications for specific diseases, and rehabilitation.

Prognosis varies widely and depends on etiology, severity, access to timely treatment, and rehabilitation. Some recover substantial function; others experience lasting impairment.

See also: paralysis, spinal cord injury, stroke, Guillain-Barré syndrome, neurological disorders.