pagtutulungan
pagtutulungan is a Filipino term that literally translates to “working together” or “cooperation.” It comprises two words: “pagtutul” or “pagtutulungan” meaning to collaborate, and “tulungan” meaning to help. The concept is deeply embedded in Philippine culture, where communal efforts and mutual aid are valued throughout history.
Historically, pagtutulungan can be traced back to pre‑colonial barangays, where families and kin groups cooperated in
In practice, pagtutulungan manifests in many everyday activities, such as kalesa or jeepney teams working together
Moreover, pagtutulungan encourages a sense of shared responsibility, fostering stronger social bonds and enhancing resilience against