pagjumësinë

Pagjumësia, also known as insomnia, is a common sleep disorder characterized by persistent difficulty falling asleep, staying asleep, or experiencing non-restorative sleep. This can lead to significant distress and impairment in daily functioning. The causes of insomnia are varied and can include psychological factors such as stress, anxiety, and depression, as well as medical conditions like chronic pain, respiratory problems, or restless legs syndrome. Lifestyle factors like irregular sleep schedules, excessive caffeine or alcohol intake, and the use of certain medications can also contribute.

Insomnia can manifest in several ways. Some individuals struggle to initiate sleep, spending hours awake in bed. Others wake up frequently during the night and have trouble returning to sleep. A third group may wake too early in the morning and be unable to fall back asleep. The consequences of chronic insomnia can be far-reaching, including daytime fatigue, difficulty concentrating, memory problems, irritability, and an increased risk of accidents. Long-term sleep deprivation has also been linked to more serious health issues such as cardiovascular disease and weakened immune function.

Diagnosis typically involves a review of the individual's sleep habits, medical history, and a physical examination. Sleep diaries and sometimes overnight sleep studies (polysomnography) may be used to gather more information. Treatment approaches are tailored to the underlying causes and can include cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I), which is considered a first-line treatment. This therapy focuses on identifying and changing thoughts and behaviors that interfere with sleep. Medications may also be prescribed for short-term relief, but they are generally not recommended for long-term use due to potential side effects and dependency. Improving sleep hygiene, such as maintaining a consistent sleep schedule, creating a relaxing bedtime routine, and optimizing the sleep environment, is also a crucial part of management.