pacemakerICD

PacemakerICD refers to an implantable cardiac device that combines the functions of a pacemaker and an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator in a single unit. The device typically consists of a pulse generator containing the power source and electronics, and transvenous leads that connect to the heart. It continuously monitors heart rhythm, delivering pacing therapy to treat bradycardia when the heart rate is too slow, and providing defibrillation or anti-tachycardia pacing to terminate dangerous fast rhythms such as ventricular tachycardia or ventricular fibrillation.

The pacemakerICD can be configured in several ways. Single-chamber, dual-chamber, or triple-chamber (including a lead for the left ventricle via the coronary sinus) systems may be used depending on the patient’s pacing needs. When combined with cardiac resynchronization therapy, these devices are often labeled CRT-D. CRT-D devices aim to improve the coordination of the heart’s ventricles in patients with heart failure, while maintaining protection against bradycardia and malignant arrhythmias.

Indications for a pacemakerICD include the need for reliable pacing support due to bradycardia and a substantial risk of life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias, commonly in patients with reduced left ventricular function or after myocardial infarction. Device selection and programming depend on individual rhythm disorders, comorbid conditions, and lifestyle considerations. Follow-up care involves regular device interrogations, remote monitoring, and programming adjustments to minimize inappropriate shocks and optimize battery life. Potential risks include infection, lead problems, pneumothorax, device malfunction, and inappropriate therapies.