overrotation

Overrotation refers to a rotation that exceeds the intended or safe amount in a movement or maneuver. In aviation, overrotation occurs when during takeoff or landing the aircraft’s nose is pitched upward beyond the recommended attitude. This increases the angle of attack and the risk of tail strikes, high load on the tailplane, or loss of control if the aircraft pitches further and stalls.

Causes in aviation include misjudgment of the rotation point, gusts of wind, improper training, or attempting rotation too aggressively to lift off early. Consequences can include tail-strike damage, runway contact with the tail, structural damage, or a delayed liftoff if excessive pitch reduces airspeed. Prevention involves following established pitch targets and rotation speeds, using flight directors and stabilizer cues, proper training, and adherence to performance charts. Pilots are trained to rotate smoothly within a specified range and to maintain appropriate nose attitude until liftoff.

In sports and performing arts, overrotation describes finishing a twist, somersault, or other rotational maneuver with more rotation than intended. This can cause the athlete to land off-balance, miss the intended landing, or suffer injuries to ankles, knees, or spine. It is common in diving, gymnastics, and figure skating.

Causes include mis-timing, high angular velocity, or attempting a more difficult trick without adequate control or spotting. Prevention centers on progressive coaching, proper technique, spotters or judges, video analysis of entry and body position, and the use of safety equipment and appropriate mats or harnesses.