overcoagulation

Overcoagulation refers to a state where the blood clotting system becomes excessively active, leading to the formation of blood clots in inappropriate locations or at an increased rate. This can occur when the delicate balance of procoagulant and anticoagulant factors is disrupted, favoring clot formation.

Several factors can contribute to overcoagulation, also known as hypercoagulability or thrombophilia. These include genetic predispositions, such as inherited deficiencies or excesses of certain clotting proteins, and acquired conditions like cancer, inflammatory diseases, pregnancy, and certain medications. Immobilization, surgery, and trauma are also recognized risk factors.

The consequences of overcoagulation can be severe, as it increases the risk of thrombotic events. These include deep vein thrombosis (DVT), where clots form in deep veins, often in the legs, and pulmonary embolism (PE), when a DVT dislodges and travels to the lungs. Overcoagulation can also contribute to arterial thrombosis, leading to conditions like stroke and heart attack.

Diagnosis of overcoagulation typically involves a combination of medical history, physical examination, and laboratory tests. These tests may include coagulation assays, genetic screening for thrombophilia, and tests to detect the presence of blood clots. Treatment strategies aim to prevent clot formation and manage underlying causes, often involving anticoagulant medications like warfarin or direct oral anticoagulants. Lifestyle modifications and addressing associated medical conditions are also important components of management.