osteoporózou

Osteoporóza is a medical condition characterized by a decrease in bone density and mass, leading to weakened bones that are more susceptible to fractures. It is often referred to as a "silent disease" because it typically develops gradually and without noticeable symptoms until a fracture occurs. The condition affects both men and women, but it is more common in older adults, particularly postmenopausal women, due to declining estrogen levels.

Several factors can contribute to the development of osteoporóza. These include aging, genetics, hormonal changes, certain medical conditions such as hyperthyroidism and rheumatoid arthritis, long-term use of some medications like corticosteroids, and lifestyle factors like poor nutrition, lack of physical activity, and smoking.

Diagnosis of osteoporóza is usually made through a bone mineral density test, commonly a dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scan. Treatment aims to slow bone loss, increase bone mineral density, and reduce the risk of fractures. This often involves lifestyle modifications such as dietary changes to ensure adequate calcium and vitamin D intake, regular weight-bearing and muscle-strengthening exercises, and avoiding smoking and excessive alcohol consumption. Pharmacological treatments, including bisphosphonates, hormone replacement therapy, and other bone-building medications, may also be prescribed depending on the severity of the condition and individual risk factors. Prevention strategies are crucial and should begin early in life with a focus on building strong bones through proper nutrition and exercise.