ortostaation

Ortostaation is a medical term describing the body's response to standing up. Specifically, it refers to the temporary drop in blood pressure that occurs when moving from a lying or sitting position to an upright one. This phenomenon is also known as postural hypotension or orthostatic hypotension.

When a person stands, gravity pulls blood downwards towards the legs and abdomen. Normally, the body compensates by increasing heart rate and constricting blood vessels to maintain blood flow to the brain. In ortostaation, this compensatory mechanism is not fully effective, leading to a reduced amount of blood returning to the heart and consequently, a temporary decrease in blood pressure.

Symptoms of ortostaation can include dizziness, lightheadedness, blurred vision, weakness, and in more severe cases, fainting (syncope). These symptoms typically resolve quickly once the person sits or lies down.

Several factors can contribute to or exacerbate ortostaation. These include dehydration, certain medications (such as diuretics, blood pressure medications, and antidepressants), prolonged bed rest, and underlying medical conditions like Parkinson's disease, diabetes, and heart problems. Age can also play a role, as the body's ability to regulate blood pressure may diminish with time. Diagnosis usually involves measuring blood pressure while lying down and then again after standing for a few minutes. Treatment focuses on addressing the underlying cause and may involve lifestyle adjustments like increasing fluid intake, avoiding sudden postural changes, or modifying medications.