oncogênicos

Oncogenic refers to anything that has the potential to cause cancer. This term is most commonly used to describe genes that, when mutated or altered, can promote the development of cancer. These genes are known as oncogenes. Normally, these genes play a role in cell growth and division, but when they become mutated, they can lead to uncontrolled cell proliferation.

Oncogenic factors can also include viruses. Certain viruses, known as oncogenic viruses, have been identified as contributing to the development of specific types of cancer. These viruses can integrate their genetic material into the host cell's DNA, disrupting normal cellular functions and potentially triggering cancerous changes. Examples include the human papillomavirus (HPV), which is linked to cervical cancer, and the hepatitis B virus (HBV), associated with liver cancer.

Environmental exposures can also be oncogenic. Carcinogens are agents known to increase the risk of cancer. These can include certain chemicals, radiation (such as UV radiation from the sun or ionizing radiation), and lifestyle factors like smoking and certain dietary habits. The process by which these agents cause cancer is complex and often involves damage to DNA, leading to mutations that can activate oncogenes or inactivate tumor suppressor genes. Understanding oncogenic factors is crucial for cancer prevention, diagnosis, and the development of targeted therapies.