omnivorism

Omnivorism is a dietary pattern characterized by the regular inclusion of both animal and plant foods. The term derives from the Latin omni, meaning all, and vorare, meaning to devour. In common usage, an omnivore is someone who consumes a wide range of foods, including meat, dairy, fruits, vegetables, grains, and other plant products. The concept is distinct from vegetarianism or veganism, which exclude all or most animal products.

Across cultures, omnivorous diets are widespread, though the relative balance of plant and animal foods varies. Historically, many societies relied on a combination of crops and animal products to meet energy and nutrient needs. In nutrition, the term omnivore is used to describe a person's eating pattern rather than a fixed food group, and it contrasts with more restrictive dietary labels.

Nutrition and health: An omnivorous diet can provide a broad spectrum of nutrients, including complete proteins from animal sources and diverse micronutrients from plants. Some nutrients, such as vitamin B12, iron, and zinc, are readily available from animal foods, while plants contribute fiber, folate, and phytochemicals. Achieving nutrient adequacy often benefits from variety and mindful food choices, with attention to saturated fat and processed meat intake.

Environmental and ethical considerations: Meat and dairy production can have sizable environmental footprints, particularly when consumption is heavy or unsustainably sourced. A sustainable omnivore approach may emphasize choosing lower-impact animal products, incorporating seafood, plant-forward meals, and locally produced foods, and reducing waste. Behavioral and cultural factors also shape omnivorous patterns.

See also: Flexitarianism, Vegetarianism, Veganism, Diet. Criticisms of omnivorism focus on animal welfare, environmental concerns, and health impacts of certain meat-heavy patterns.