oligozoospermia
Oligozoospermia, also called oligospermia, is the condition of a lower than normal concentration of sperm in semen. The World Health Organization considers a normal sperm concentration to be at least 15 million sperm per milliliter; concentrations below this threshold are described as oligozoospermia. Some guidelines further classify severity as mild (about 10–15 million/mL), moderate (about 5–10 million/mL), and severe (less than 5 million/mL), though exact cutoffs can vary.
Causes of oligozoospermia are diverse and can be categorized as genetic, hormonal, anatomic, infectious or inflammatory,
Diagnosis typically begins with semen analysis, usually repeated after an interval to confirm persistently low counts.
Management focuses on the underlying cause when possible. Reversible factors such as varicocele or lifestyle factors