nyresviktnyresykdom

Nyresviktnyresykdom is not a standard diagnostic term in mainstream Norwegian medical terminology. The compound combines nyresvikt (kidney failure) and nyresykdom (kidney disease) and may be used descriptively to refer to conditions where kidney function is severely reduced due to kidney pathology. In clinical practice, kidney disease is usually categorized as acute kidney injury (AKI) or chronic kidney disease (CKD).

Causes of kidney-related decline vary. AKI can result from reduced blood flow to the kidneys, direct kidney injury, or urinary tract obstruction. CKD commonly arises from diabetes, hypertension, glomerulonephritis, polycystic kidney disease, autoimmune disorders, infections, toxins, or chronic urinary tract obstruction. The underlying cause influences prognosis and treatment planning.

Symptoms and signs may include fatigue, swelling (edema), reduced urine output or foamy urine, shortness of breath, and nausea. Exam findings can include high blood pressure and electrolyte disturbances such as abnormal potassium or phosphorus levels, along with anemia or bone-mineral disorders in advanced disease.

Diagnosis relies on objective measures of kidney function. Key tests include glomerular filtration rate (GFR) estimated from serum creatinine, urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio, urinalysis, and imaging studies. Sometimes a kidney biopsy is performed to determine the underlying pathology.

Treatment and management depend on the cause and stage. Strategies include treating the underlying condition, controlling blood pressure (often with ACE inhibitors or ARBs), managing diabetes, dietary adjustments (sodium and protein intake), and addressing electrolyte and fluid balance. In advanced kidney failure, dialysis or kidney transplantation may be required.

Terminology note: nyresviktnyresykdom is not widely used as a formal diagnosis. Clinicians typically use CKD or AKI to describe kidney disease and its severity, with the term’s use clarified by context.