nervkompression

Nervkompression, or nerve compression, is a condition in which a peripheral nerve is subjected to increased pressure from surrounding tissues, leading to impaired nerve function. It can result from repetitive strain, acute trauma, swelling, or anatomical structures such as bones, tendons, or tumors that squeeze a nerve at a fixed location. Common sites include carpal tunnel syndrome (median nerve at the wrist), cubital tunnel syndrome (ulnar nerve at the elbow), and tarsal tunnel syndrome (posterior tibial nerve at the ankle); less common sites include the thoracic outlet and the fibular head where the peroneal nerve may be affected.

Symptoms typically include numbness, tingling, burning pain in the nerve’s distribution, and weakness or muscle wasting with chronic compression. Symptoms may worsen with activity or at night and can be accompanied by reduced reflexes in the affected area.

Diagnosis is mainly clinical, based on history and physical examination, with provocative tests such as Phalen’s sign or Tinel’s sign. Nerve conduction studies and electromyography help confirm focal slowing or denervation. Imaging methods, including ultrasound and MRI, can reveal structural causes such as ganglia, tumors, or bone abnormalities contributing to compression.

Treatment options range from conservative to surgical. Conservative measures include activity modification, splinting, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, corticosteroid injections, and targeted physical therapy. Managing underlying conditions (for example, diabetes or thyroid disorders) is also important. If symptoms persist, worsen, or there is significant weakness, surgical decompression (such as carpal tunnel release, cubital tunnel release, or tarsal tunnel release) may be indicated, and nerve repair or grafting may be considered in select cases.

Prognosis depends on duration and severity of compression; earlier intervention generally yields better outcomes, while prolonged compression can lead to irreversible nerve damage. Recurrence and persistent symptoms can occur, necessitating ongoing management.