nepeas

Nepeas are a family of small, freshwater fish belonging to the genus *Neopsis*, primarily found in Southeast Asia. They are commonly known as "nepeas" or "nephelines" and are often cultivated in aquaculture due to their high nutritional value and adaptability to various farming conditions. These fish are valued for their lean, white flesh, which is rich in protein and low in fat, making them a popular choice in many Asian cuisines.

Nepeas typically inhabit slow-moving rivers, lakes, and ponds, where they thrive in warm, shallow waters. They are omnivorous, feeding on a diet of algae, plankton, small invertebrates, and organic detritus. Their natural habitats range from Thailand and Vietnam to parts of China and India, though they have also been introduced to other regions for aquaculture purposes.

In aquaculture, nepeas are raised in extensive, semi-intensive, or intensive systems, depending on the scale and resources available. They are known for their fast growth rate and high survival rates, which contribute to their efficiency in production. Farmers often use pond-based systems, where they are stocked at high densities and fed with a combination of natural food sources and supplemental feeds.

Nepeas are a staple in many Southeast Asian diets, particularly in Thailand, where they are commonly prepared through grilling, frying, or steaming. They are also used in soups, curries, and fermented dishes. Due to their sustainability and nutritional benefits, nepeas are increasingly recognized as an important food source in global aquaculture efforts.

Conservation efforts for nepeas are generally not a major concern, as they are widely farmed rather than harvested from the wild. However, sustainable farming practices are encouraged to maintain water quality and prevent overstocking, which could impact local ecosystems. Research continues to explore ways to optimize their cultivation while ensuring environmental responsibility.