neoplasmaa

Neoplasmaa is not a recognized medical term in standard oncology literature. It is likely a misspelling or variant of neoplasm or neoplasia. A neoplasm, or tumor, is an abnormal mass formed by uncontrolled cell growth that persists beyond the original stimulus. Neoplasms can be benign or malignant.

Benign neoplasms, such as lipomas, adenomas, and fibromas, tend to grow slowly, remain localized, and do not invade or metastasize. Malignant neoplasms, or cancers, include carcinomas, sarcomas, lymphomas, and leukemias; they can invade surrounding tissues and spread to distant sites (metastasis).

Causes and pathophysiology: Cancer typically results from genetic alterations that drive cell proliferation and disable programmed cell death. Accumulation of mutations affecting oncogenes, tumor suppressor genes, and DNA repair pathways leads to clonal expansion, genomic instability, and altered cell signaling. Risk factors include age, tobacco use, certain infections, environmental exposures, and inherited genetic predispositions.

Diagnosis: Evaluation combines clinical examination, imaging, and histopathology. Biopsy with microscopic analysis and, when appropriate, immunohistochemistry and molecular testing confirm type and origin and guide treatment.

Treatment and prognosis: Management depends on the neoplasm type and stage. Options may include surgical resection, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, targeted therapies, and immunotherapy. Prognosis varies widely and is influenced by factors such as tumor type, stage, and response to treatment.

Terminology note: If "neoplasmaa" appears in a source, it is likely a typographical error or a fictional term rather than a standard medical designation. For accurate information, consult established terms such as neoplasm or neoplasia.