neonikotinoidok

Neonikotinoidok, often shortened to neonicotinoids, are a class of insecticides that act on the central nervous system of insects. They are chemically similar to nicotine, hence their name. These compounds were developed in the 1980s and became widely used in agriculture starting in the 1990s due to their efficacy against a broad range of pests and their systemic nature, meaning they can be absorbed by plants and transported throughout their tissues. This systemic property allows them to protect plants from the inside out, providing longer-lasting control.

Neonikotinoids are applied in various ways, including seed treatments, soil drenches, and foliar sprays. They are effective against pests such as aphids, whiteflies, and leafhoppers. Their relatively low toxicity to mammals and birds, when compared to older classes of insecticides, contributed to their widespread adoption.

However, concerns have been raised regarding the potential impact of neonikotinoids on non-target organisms, particularly pollinators like bees. Studies have suggested that even low-level exposure can impair bee navigation, foraging behavior, and immune function, potentially contributing to colony collapse disorder. This has led to restrictions and bans on certain neonikotinoid products in various regions, including the European Union. Ongoing research continues to investigate the ecological effects of these widely used insecticides.