neonikotinoid

Neonicotinoids are a class of insecticides that act on the central nervous system of insects. They are widely used in agriculture and for pest control in homes and gardens. The mode of action involves binding to nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, which are crucial for nerve impulse transmission. This binding disrupts normal nerve function, leading to paralysis and death in susceptible insects.

These chemicals are systemic, meaning they are absorbed by the plant and distributed throughout its tissues, including pollen and nectar. This characteristic makes them effective against a broad range of pests that feed on plants, such as aphids, whiteflies, and beetles. They are often applied as seed treatments, soil drenches, or foliar sprays.

Concerns have been raised regarding the potential impact of neonicotinoids on non-target organisms, particularly pollinators like bees. Studies have suggested that exposure to neonicotinoids, even at sub-lethal doses, can impair bee navigation, foraging behavior, and immune systems, potentially contributing to colony declines. Regulatory bodies in various countries have implemented restrictions or bans on certain neonicotinoid uses in response to these concerns. Research continues to explore the complex interactions between neonicotinoids, insect physiology, and ecosystem health.