navaranga

Navaranga is a term used in Indian temple architecture to denote an interior hall or mandapa situated between the sanctum (garbhagriha) and the larger public hall (mahamantapa). The word derives from Sanskrit, combining nava (nine) and ranga (stage or hall), though the architectural function is its primary reference rather than a strict reference to nine spaces. The navaranga serves as a transitional space that facilitates ritual movement from the sanctum to the outer temple precinct and, in many cases, to accommodate offerings, rites, or a degree of congregational presence around the inner shrine.

Architecturally, the navaranga is typically a covered hall with closely spaced pillars supporting a roof. It often features a raised plinth, doors or passageways on multiple sides, and an elaborate carved program on pillars and walls. In the temple plans of many South Indian styles, notably Hoysala and Vijayanagara, the navaranga forms part of a layered sequence that may include an antaranga (vestibule) leading to the sanctum and a mahamantapa (great hall) beyond.

Distinctions within temple plan: the antaranga is the more immediate vestibule adjacent to the garbhagriha, while the navaranga is the inner mandapa that precedes the larger hall. The navaranga is thus a key transitional and functional space in various historic South Indian temples, contributing to both ritual logistics and architectural rhythm.