méhcsaládok

The term méhcsaládok refers to the bee families that comprise the order Hymenoptera. Within this order, bees are traditionally divided into several families that differ in morphology, behavior, and ecological roles. The most diverse family is Apidae, which includes honeybees, bumblebees, stingless bees, carpenter bees, and many solitary species. Apidae are characterised by a distinctive corbicula, or pollen basket, on the hind legs and a complex social structure in many species.

Other significant families include Halictidae, the sweat bees, known for their metallic plumage and often highly social nesting habits. Megachilidae, or leafcutter and mason bees, are recognised by their scopa, a pollen-carrying structure on the abdomen, and their habit of cutting foliage or collecting mud to construct nests. Andrenidae, the mining bees, typically nest in the ground and are important pollinators of many crops. Xylocopidae, the carpenter bees, excavate wood to build their nests and resemble large bumblebees in appearance.

Each family exhibits adaptations that allow bees to exploit a variety of ecological niches. Sociality ranges from solitary nesting to complex eusocial colonies with a division of labour and a reproductive queen. Pollination services are crucial for both wild plant communities and agricultural production, making the study of méhcsaládok vital for biodiversity conservation and food security.