carpenter

A carpenter is a skilled tradesperson who builds, installs, and repairs structures and fixtures made primarily of wood and related materials. Carpenters work in residential, commercial, and industrial settings, and may specialize in rough framing, finish work, cabinetry, or furniture making. They interpret blueprints and specifications, measure and cut timber, assemble components, and secure them with fasteners, joints, and adhesives while ensuring compliance with building codes and safety standards.

Carpentry encompasses several areas, including rough carpentry (framing, formwork, and structural supports), and finish carpentry (trim, doors, window casings, stairs, and cabinetry). Carpenters also fabricate and install built-in fittings such as countertops, shelving, and millwork. Common tools include saws, planes, chisels, hammers, nail guns, levels, squares, and power drills. Work may involve cutting, assembling, installing, and inspecting components on-site or in workshops.

Most entrants begin through an apprenticeship that combines paid, on-the-job training with classroom instruction, often lasting four years. Certification and licensing requirements vary by country or region; in some places journeyman status, licenses, or union credentials are typical. Ongoing safety training is important due to hazards from heights, heavy materials, and power tools. Carpenters must read plans, perform precise measurements, and adapt to changes in design or material availability.

Historically, carpentry dates to ancient civilizations and has evolved with engineered woods and modern fasteners. Today’s carpentry blends traditional craft with modern technology, including plywood, laminated beams, and composite materials. The profession offers varied work environments, steady demand in construction and renovation, and wages that reflect skill, experience, and locality. The role requires physical stamina, problem-solving, and attention to detail.