mädäntyminen

Mädäntyminen, also known as putrefaction, is a biological process that occurs after death. It is the decomposition of organic matter, primarily proteins and carbohydrates, by microorganisms. These microorganisms, including bacteria and fungi, are naturally present in the environment and on the body.

The process begins shortly after death when the body's own enzymes start to break down cells and tissues. This autolysis is quickly followed by microbial decomposition. Anaerobic bacteria, which thrive in the absence of oxygen, play a significant role in the initial stages. They break down complex organic molecules into simpler ones, producing gases like hydrogen sulfide, methane, and ammonia. These gases cause bloating and discoloration of the tissues, often giving the body a greenish hue due to the breakdown of hemoglobin.

As decomposition progresses, aerobic bacteria and fungi also contribute. They further break down organic matter, consuming oxygen and releasing more gases. The body's temperature can initially rise due to the metabolic activity of these microorganisms, a phenomenon known as rigor mortis. Eventually, the body cools down to ambient temperature.

The rate of mädäntyminen is influenced by several factors, including temperature, humidity, oxygen availability, and the presence of insects or scavengers. Warmer temperatures generally accelerate the process, while cooler temperatures slow it down. Burial in dry soil can retard decomposition, whereas immersion in water can have varying effects depending on the water's temperature and oxygen content. Insects, such as flies, are often the first colonizers of a corpse and their activity can significantly speed up decomposition by creating entry points for bacteria and consuming tissues.