mulled

Mulled is a culinary term used to describe beverages that are warmed and infused with spices and aromatics. In common usage, mulled wine or mulled cider refers to wine or cider that has been heated gently with ingredients such as citrus, cinnamon, cloves, star anise, and sugar. The verb form mull also appears in the phrase “mulled over,” meaning to think about something carefully. The culinary sense is distinct from the broader figurative use, though both derive from the idea of treating (or contemplating) something by applying warmth or consideration.

Preparation of mulled beverages typically involves combining a base drink with spices and sweeteners and heating it to release flavors. Red wine is most typical, but white wine, cider, or non-alcoholic bases are also used. Common ingredients include citrus peels or juice, cinnamon sticks, cloves, star anise, and sugar or honey; some variations add brandy or dark berries. The key technique is gentle heating rather than boiling, to avoid cooking off alcohol and to preserve aroma; infusion times vary from 15 to 30 minutes or more, with occasional gentle simmering.

Cultural variations are widespread. Mulled wine is a staple of European winter traditions, with regional variants such as Glühwein in Germany and Austria, and glögg in Nordic countries, which may include almonds or raisins. Mulled beverages are often associated with holiday markets and cold-weather gatherings. The term mulled, in general, reflects the combination of warmth, spice, and the act of infusing flavors into a drink.