mullakõdra

Mullakõdra is the Estonian name for a type of mushroom, specifically a variety of puffball. Its scientific classification is generally considered to be within the genus Bovista. These fungi are characterized by their spherical or somewhat irregular shape, and their development as a completely enclosed fruiting body. When mature, the outer skin of the mullakõdra typically breaks open or disintegrates, releasing a cloud of microscopic spores. This spore release mechanism is characteristic of puffball fungi. The interior of a young mullakõdra is usually solid and white, becoming powdery and often dark brown or purplish-brown as it matures and the spores develop.

Mullakõdrad are saprophytic organisms, meaning they derive nutrients from decaying organic matter in the soil. They are commonly found in grasslands, meadows, and pastures, preferring open and often grassy environments. While some puffball species are known for their edibility, especially when young and firm, identification is crucial as some toxic mushrooms can be mistaken for them. Consumption of mullakõdra is not widespread, and it is not typically considered a culinary mushroom of significant importance in Estonia. Their primary ecological role is as decomposers, contributing to nutrient cycling in their habitats. The distinctive spore release mechanism makes them easily recognizable in their natural environment.