monikaarella

Monikaarella is a rare and distinctive type of geological formation found in certain volcanic regions, characterized by its unique layered, onion-like structure. The term originates from the Finnish words *moni* (meaning "many") and *kaari* (meaning "arch"), combined with the suffix *-ella*, which often denotes a diminutive or affectionate form in Finnish. This formation is typically composed of alternating layers of solidified lava and volcanic ash, creating concentric rings that resemble an onion or a series of nested arches.

Monikaarellas are most commonly observed in shield volcanoes and lava fields where eruptions occur in cycles, allowing successive layers to build up. These formations are often found in areas with basaltic lava flows, such as Iceland, the Canary Islands, and parts of the United States like Hawaii and Oregon. Their creation is influenced by the cooling and solidification of lava, which hardens on the surface while still molten beneath, leading to the formation of new layers during subsequent eruptions.

While not as widely studied as other volcanic phenomena, monikaarellas provide insights into the repetitive nature of volcanic activity. Their distinct appearance makes them useful markers for geologists studying past eruptions and the geological history of a region. Unlike more dramatic volcanic features such as craters or lava tubes, monikaarellas offer a subtle yet informative glimpse into the gradual processes of volcanic deposition.

Due to their relatively small size and localized occurrence, monikaarellas are often overlooked in broader geological discussions. However, they serve as a fascinating example of how natural processes can create intricate and visually striking formations over time. Their study contributes to a deeper understanding of volcanic stratigraphy and the dynamics of lava flow behavior.