mikrométert

The mikrométert is the Hungarian term for a micrometer, a precision measuring instrument that measures very small distances with high accuracy. It operates on the principle of a screw thread that translates linear motion into rotational motion, allowing the user to gauge distances typically from 0.01 to 1 mm. The instrument consists of a body, a spindle, a rotating thimble, and a fixed ruler or jaw, sometimes with a vernier or digital readout for enhanced precision.

The micrometer was developed in the 19th century and has since become indispensable in mechanical engineering, metallurgy, and metrology. Its accuracy is usually within ±0.01 mm, making it ideal for measuring the thickness of sheet metal, the diameter of small bolts, and the clearance between moving parts. Variants include the external micrometer for measuring external dimensions, the internal micrometer for internal diameters, and the depth micrometer for measuring depths of cavities.

Modern micrometers integrate digital displays, eliminating the need for manual interpretation of the scale. Some high‑precision models incorporate optical comparators or laser sensors for even finer resolution. In laboratory settings, micrometers are often calibrated against certified reference materials to ensure traceability to national standards.

The mikrométert remains a fundamental tool in quality control, research, and manufacturing, providing a balance of simplicity, reliability, and precision that few other measurement devices can match.