mikrokiibi

A mikrokiibi is a small silicon-based semiconductor device that contains a complete integrated circuit. It performs a specific function or set of functions within electronic equipment. The term encompasses memory chips, processors, microcontrollers, and system-on-a-chip devices. The core of a mikrokiibi is a silicon die carrying millions or billions of transistors arranged into circuits. The chips are fabricated on silicon wafers using photolithography and various doping and etching processes, typically employing CMOS technology. After wafer fabrication, dies are packaged in protective housings and connected to external leads or solder bumps.

Types include memory chips such as RAM, ROM, or flash that store data. Processors consist of microprocessors and microcontrollers, while more complex devices are system-on-a-chip (SoC) that combine CPU, memory, and peripherals. Specialized mikrokiibid include application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs) and sensors. Packaging formats vary, from dual in-line packages (DIP) and gull-wing packages to ball-grid arrays (BGA).

Applications are widespread: mikrokiibid are embedded in almost all modern electronics—computers, smartphones, automotive control units, household appliances, medical devices, and industrial equipment. They enable computation, data storage, control, and connectivity.

History: The concept emerged in the late 1950s with the invention of the integrated circuit by Jack Kilby and Robert Noyce. Since then, scaling of transistors (Moore’s law) and advances in materials and lithography have dramatically increased performance and reduced cost, driving widespread adoption.

Impact: The mikrokiibi is central to modern electronics, enabling compact, energy-efficient devices with complex functionality.