migræna

Migræna is a neurological condition characterized by recurrent episodes of moderate to severe headache, often accompanied by a range of other symptoms. These headaches are typically unilateral, meaning they affect one side of the head, and are described as throbbing or pulsating. The intensity of the pain can be debilitating, interfering with daily activities.

Accompanying symptoms can include nausea, vomiting, and increased sensitivity to light (photophobia) and sound (phonophobia). Some individuals experience a prodrome, a warning phase that occurs hours or days before the headache, with subtle changes in mood, appetite, or energy levels. A significant subset of people with migraine also experience aura, a transient neurological disturbance that usually precedes the headache. Aura symptoms can manifest as visual disturbances (flashing lights, blind spots), sensory changes (numbness, tingling), or speech difficulties.

The exact cause of migraine is not fully understood, but it is believed to involve complex interactions of genetic, environmental, and neurological factors. Changes in brain activity and blood vessel dilation in the head are thought to play a role. Migraine is more common in women than in men and often begins in adolescence or early adulthood. Triggers for migraine attacks can vary widely among individuals and may include stress, certain foods, hormonal changes, changes in sleep patterns, and environmental factors like strong smells or bright lights. Diagnosis is typically based on a patient's medical history and symptom description, as there is no specific diagnostic test. Treatment strategies focus on managing symptoms and preventing future attacks, often involving lifestyle adjustments, acute medications to relieve pain, and preventative medications for frequent or severe episodes.