migraia

Migraia is not an established medical term in standard clinical references. In most sources, the condition is referred to as migraine, a neurovascular disorder characterized by recurrent headaches. Some informal uses may spell migraine as migraia, but this is generally considered a misspelling or nonstandard variant and should not be used in formal writing.

Symptoms typically include a unilateral, pulsating headache lasting 4 to 72 hours, often accompanied by nausea, vomiting, and sensitivity to light (photophobia) and sound (phonophobia). A subset of people experiences an aura—reversible neurological symptoms such as visual disturbances—that may occur before or during the headache.

Pathophysiology is not fully understood but involves activation of the trigeminovascular system, release of inflammatory mediators, and cortical spreading depression. Genetic factors contribute, and various triggers such as stress, certain foods, sleep disruption, and hormonal changes can precipitate attacks.

Diagnosis is clinical, based on the history of attacks and alignment with established criteria. Neuroimaging or laboratory tests are not routinely required unless there are atypical features or new neurologic symptoms suggesting another condition.

Management focuses on acute relief and prevention. Acute treatments include analgesics such as NSAIDs and specific antimigraine medications like triptans; newer options such as gepants or ditans may be used in some patients. Preventive therapy is considered for frequent or disabling attacks and may involve lifestyle modifications and medications including beta blockers, antiepileptics, antidepressants, or CGRP inhibitors. Overall, migraine is a common and heterogeneous disorder with varied treatment approaches.