midfire

Midfire is a term used in ceramics to describe a range of firing temperatures that mature clay bodies and glazes at a level between traditional low-fire and high-fire firings. In practice, midfire typically corresponds to cone numbers 4 through 6, roughly 1940 to 2230 degrees Fahrenheit (1050 to 1220 degrees Celsius). The exact range varies among potters and glaze suppliers, but the concept denotes a middle tier of thermal processing.

Clay bodies used for midfire include certain stoneware formulations and some durable earthenware clays that mature at mid-range temperatures. Glazes designed for midfire are formulated to mature within this spectrum and may exhibit distinct color responses under different atmospheres of oxidation or reduction. Midrange firings can require careful load planning and kiln venting to avoid warping and ensure even maturation. Electric kilns, gas kilns, and propane-fired kilns are all used for midfire programs.

Historically the term emerged as ceramic science and kiln technology evolved, providing potters with a broader palette of finishing options. Today midfire remains common for functional ware and experimental work, offering a balance of durability, glaze variety, and energy use compared with low-fire and high-fire programs. It is typically discussed alongside related terms such as low-fire and high-fire, which categorize firings by their respective cone ranges.