microdegradation

Microdegradation refers to the process where materials, particularly polymers and plastics, break down into smaller fragments. This breakdown occurs through various mechanisms, including physical, chemical, and biological actions. Physical processes like abrasion and UV radiation can initiate fragmentation, while chemical processes like oxidation and hydrolysis further weaken the material. Biological agents, such as bacteria and fungi, can also play a role in the decomposition of some materials, though this is often a slower process for synthetic polymers.

The result of microdegradation is the creation of microparticles, which are typically defined as plastic pieces less than 5 millimeters in size. These microparticles can persist in the environment for extended periods, accumulating in ecosystems like oceans, rivers, and soil. The environmental impact of microdegradation is a growing concern, as these particles can be ingested by wildlife, potentially entering the food chain. Research is ongoing to understand the full scope of microdegradation's effects and to develop strategies for mitigating its spread and impact. This includes efforts to improve waste management, develop biodegradable materials, and explore methods for cleaning up existing microparticle pollution.