metode

Metode refers to a systematic and organized approach used to investigate a question, solve a problem, or test a hypothesis. A method outlines the sequence of steps, the data or materials involved, and the criteria for evaluating outcomes. It is a component of methodology, the broader framework that covers the planning, execution, and interpretation of research.

Etymology and scope: The term derives from Greek methodos, through Latin and various languages, and in scholarly use it denotes the tools and procedures that guide inquiry. Metode is applied across disciplines and contexts, not tied to a single technique.

Classification: Methods are commonly grouped by how data are collected and analyzed. Quantitative methods emphasize measurement and statistical analysis; qualitative methods focus on meaning, context, and interpretation. Mixed methods combine elements of both. Within fields, typical methods include experimental, observational, survey, case study, archival or documentary analysis, and computational modeling.

Process and rigor: A typical methodological workflow includes defining a research question, selecting an appropriate method, designing instruments or procedures, collecting data, analyzing results, and interpreting findings. Sound methods strive for validity, reliability, transparency, and replicability, while addressing potential biases and ethical considerations.

Applications: Metode underpins research and practice across natural and social sciences, humanities, engineering, and professional fields. Beyond academia, methodological thinking informs problem solving, policy development, evaluation, and the refinement of theories and practices.