metiniais

Metiniais is a Lithuanian term used in horticulture to describe plants that complete their life cycle in a single growing season. The concept refers to annual plants, which germinate, mature, flower, set seed and die within one year, requiring new plants to be grown the next season. The term is commonly contrasted with biennials, which finish their life cycle over two years, and perennials, which live for more than two years.

In the life cycle of metiniai, all key stages—germination, vegetative growth, flowering and seed production—occur within one year. These plants often invest energy into rapid growth and abundant flowering to maximize seed yield. Because they die after producing seeds, gardeners typically replant metiniai each year, or rely on self-seeding if the species is capable of it. Metiniai are valued for seasonal color and quick impact in borders, containers and bedding schemes.

Common examples of metiniai include many garden annuals such as sunflowers (Helianthus annuus), marigolds (Tagetes), zinnias, petunias, calendulas, snapdragons and cosmos, as well as many herbs and vegetables that complete their life cycle in a single season in temperate climates. Their care requirements vary by species but generally emphasize warm soil, adequate light, regular watering and periodic deadheading to prolong blooming.

The term metiniais is widely used in Lithuanian gardening literature and practice to distinguish annuals from longer-lived plants. It informs decisions about planting calendars, soil preparation, irrigation, fertilization and the expected rotation of crops and ornamental displays.