metastaalse

Metastaase refers to the spread of cancer cells from the primary tumor to other parts of the body. This process, known as metastasis, is a hallmark of advanced cancer and a major cause of cancer-related deaths. Cancer cells can detach from the original tumor, enter the bloodstream or lymphatic system, and travel to distant organs where they can form new tumors, called secondary tumors or metastases. Common sites for metastasis include the lungs, liver, bones, and brain, but the pattern of spread varies depending on the type of cancer.

The development of metastases is a complex, multi-step process. It begins with invasion, where cancer cells break away from the primary tumor and penetrate surrounding tissues. They then enter the bloodstream or lymphatic vessels, a process called intravasation. Once in circulation, these cells, known as circulating tumor cells (CTCs), can travel throughout the body. At a distant site, CTCs can exit the bloodstream or lymphatic system (extravasation) and begin to proliferate, forming a secondary tumor. This entire process is influenced by factors such as the aggressiveness of the cancer cells, the body's immune system, and the microenvironment of the potential metastatic site.

Detecting and treating metastases is a critical aspect of cancer management. Metastases can cause a wide range of symptoms depending on their location and size, and their presence often indicates a more challenging prognosis. Treatment strategies for metastatic cancer aim to control or eliminate the spread of disease, manage symptoms, and improve quality of life. These treatments may include chemotherapy, radiation therapy, targeted therapy, immunotherapy, and surgery, often used in combination. Research continues to focus on understanding the mechanisms of metastasis to develop more effective methods for prevention and treatment.