metanool

Methanol, commonly referred to as wood alcohol, is a simple alcohol with the chemical formula CH₃OH. It is the simplest alcohol and is a light, volatile, colorless liquid with a distinctive odor similar to that of ethanol (drinking alcohol). Methanol is highly toxic to humans and can cause severe health issues, including blindness or death, if ingested.

Methanol is widely used in various industrial applications due to its properties. It serves as a key feedstock in the production of formaldehyde, acetic acid, and other organic chemicals. Additionally, methanol is utilized as a fuel in internal combustion engines, particularly in race cars and some experimental vehicles, often blended with gasoline or used in pure form. It is also employed as a solvent in paints, varnishes, and adhesives, as well as in the manufacturing of antifreeze and de-icing fluids.

The production of methanol primarily involves the catalytic hydrogenation of carbon monoxide, derived from natural gas, coal, or biomass. This process is known as the synthesis gas (syngas) route, where carbon monoxide and hydrogen react over a catalyst to form methanol. Methanol can also be produced through the gasification of biomass or coal, making it a versatile chemical with potential for sustainable applications.

Environmentally, methanol is considered less harmful than many other solvents, as it is biodegradable and has a lower toxicity profile in aquatic ecosystems. However, its production and use still contribute to greenhouse gas emissions, particularly when derived from fossil fuels. Research continues into more sustainable production methods, including the use of renewable energy sources to produce methanol from carbon dioxide captured from industrial processes.

Despite its industrial utility, methanol must be handled with caution due to its toxicity. Accidental ingestion or inhalation of methanol vapors can lead to serious health complications, emphasizing the importance of proper safety measures in its storage, transportation, and use.