metallit

Metallit (metals) are a broad class of elements with characteristic properties: high density, metallic luster, electrical conductivity, ability to deform (malleability), and typically high melting points. Most metals are solid at room temperature; mercury is an exception.

They are broadly categorized as ferrous (containing iron) and non-ferrous (do not contain iron). Ferrous metals include cast iron and steel, which are valued for strength and durability. Non-ferrous metals include aluminum, copper, zinc, nickel, titanium, and precious metals. Alloys—combinations of metals such as steel (iron and carbon), bronze (copper and tin), and aluminum alloys—are developed to enhance specific properties like strength, hardness, or lighter weight.

Metals are typically found in mineral ores in the Earth's crust. Extraction involves mining, ore concentration, and refining processes such as smelting and electrolysis. The refinement aims to produce pure metals or workable alloys suitable for manufacturing.

Common uses span construction, transportation, electrical and electronic devices, machinery, packaging, and jewelry. Metals serve structural roles due to strength-to-weight ratios, conductivity for power and signals, and resistance to wear.

Recycling is a major aspect of metal use, preserving resources and reducing environmental impact. Recovered metals can be re-melted with relatively less energy than primary production. Environmental concerns include mining impacts, energy consumption, and pollution, leading to regulations and sustainability initiatives.

Examples of well-known metals include iron, copper, aluminum, nickel, zinc, titanium, gold, and silver. Metals have profoundly shaped technology and industry, from ancient tools to modern electronics.