memóriakezelésben

Memóriakezelésben refers to memory management in computing. It is a fundamental aspect of operating systems and programming that deals with how computer memory is allocated to and deallocated from processes. Efficient memory management is crucial for the overall performance and stability of a system, as it ensures that programs have access to the memory they need without interfering with each other or the operating system itself.

There are several techniques used in memory management. Contiguous memory allocation assigns a single block of memory to a process. However, this can lead to fragmentation, where small, unusable gaps of memory appear between allocated blocks. Non-contiguous memory allocation, such as paging and segmentation, allows a process's memory to be scattered across different parts of physical memory. Paging divides memory into fixed-size blocks called pages, while segmentation divides it into variable-size blocks called segments, often reflecting logical program units.

Virtual memory is another advanced concept that extends the available memory beyond the physical RAM by using disk space as an extension. This allows systems to run more applications than would otherwise be possible. When physical memory is full, less frequently used data is moved to the disk (swapped out), and when needed, it is brought back into RAM (swapped in).

The primary goals of memory management include maximizing memory utilization, minimizing the time required for memory allocation and deallocation, and providing protection to prevent processes from accessing memory that does not belong to them. Effective memory management is a continuous balancing act between resource availability and the demands of the running software.