memo

A memo, short for memorandum, is a written note used for internal communication within an organization to convey information, policies, decisions, or instructions. Memos are designed to be concise and direct, contrasting with longer letters. They can be distributed in hard copy or electronically and are commonly used in business, government, and educational settings.

A typical memo begins with a header including To, From, Date, and Subject, followed by a brief opening purpose, a background or discussion section, and a conclusion or call to action. The body emphasizes clarity and brevity, and recipients may be asked to acknowledge receipt or take specified steps. Some memos use bullet lists, subheadings, or numbered action items to organize information.

There are several common types of memos: informational memos report on a situation or policy without recommending a course of action; persuasive memos advocate specific actions or policies; confirmatory memos summarize decisions or agreements after meetings. In practice, many organizations adopt a standardized memo template; when sent via electronic mail, the header information can duplicate or substitute the traditional memo format.

The term "memorandum" is Latin in origin. In addition to internal memos, the term appears in longer formal documents such as memoranda of understanding, which outline arrangements between parties. See also letters, emails, and memorandums of understanding.