memorandum

A memorandum, often abbreviated memo, is a written message used for internal communication within an organization. It is intended to inform, instruct, or record an official position, decision, or directive, and to document a formal proposal or agreement for later reference. The word memorandum originates from Latin memorandum meaning something to be remembered.

Memoranda come in several forms. A general internal memo conveys information to colleagues or departments. A memorandum of understanding (MOU) or memorandum of agreement (MOA) documents an understanding or commitment between parties, typically outlining roles, responsibilities, and terms; these documents may be binding or non-binding depending on their language and jurisdiction. In diplomatic and governmental contexts, memoranda such as memoranda for the record or memoranda of conversation record discussions and conclusions from meetings.

Structure and style: most memos begin with a header listing the recipient, sender, date, and subject, followed by a concise opening statement, background, discussion or rationale, explicit action items, and a closing paragraph. The tone is formal and concise, and any recommendations or decisions are clearly stated. Many organizations use standardized templates; content is often supported by attachments or appendices.

Legal status: general internal memos are not contracts, but MOUs or MOAs may create binding obligations if language indicates intent to be legally binding.

See also: minutes, notes, letter of memorandum, memorandum of understanding.