mediumformat

Medium format refers to camera systems that use image capture devices larger than 35mm full-frame sensors but smaller than traditional large-format sheet film. Historically, medium format films were produced on 120 or 220 roll film in formats such as 6×4.5 cm, 6×6 cm, 6×7 cm, and 6×9 cm, often with interchangeable backs to switch formats.

In the digital era, medium format denotes cameras with sensors larger than 36×24 mm. Digital medium-format sensors typically measure about 44×33 mm up to roughly 53×40 mm, and they are frequently paired with modular bodies and high-resolution backs. Notable brands and systems include Hasselblad, Phase One, and Mamiya Leaf for traditional setups, as well as modern offerings from Fujifilm (GFX series), Leica (S system), and Pentax (645Z) among others.

Key characteristics of medium format include the potential for very high resolution, expanded tonal range, and refined color rendition, along with shallower depth of field at comparable framing. These advantages can be especially valuable in studio portraiture, fashion, landscape, and high-end commercial work. The trade-offs are greater size and weight, higher cost, slower operation, and a more limited range of lenses and accessories compared with 35mm systems.

Medium format remains a niche but influential segment in professional photography. It is favored where image quality and detail are paramount, and it continues to evolve with advances in sensor technology, lens design, and digital back interoperability.