maskapai

Maskapai, or maskapai penerbangan, refers to a company that provides air transport services for passengers or cargo. They operate aircraft on scheduled routes or charter flights, and may be privately owned, publicly traded, or state-owned. Airlines hold an air operator's certificate and operate under national and international aviation regulations to ensure safety and security.

Airlines vary in business model: full-service carriers (FSC) offer multi-class cabins, meals, lounges, and global networks; low-cost carriers (LCC) focus on lower fares, point-to-point routes, higher seat density, and ancillary revenue. Most operate one or more hubs; alliances and codeshare agreements extend networks.

Fleet, maintenance, training, and safety management are core functions. Revenue is driven by passenger and cargo demand, price competition, fuel costs, and load factors. The industry is regulated by civil aviation authorities around the world and international bodies; consumer protections govern ticketing, refunds, and flight delays.

The maskapai play a critical role in connectivity and economic development, but face challenges such as economic cycles, fuel price volatility, regulatory changes, competition, and environmental concerns like emissions and noise. The sector continues to modernize with digital services, online ticketing, and fleet modernization.