masenqo

Masenqo, sometimes spelled mesenqo, is a traditional Ethiopian and Eritrean one-stringed bowed lute. It is recognized for its distinctive sound in both secular and religious music and is associated with various regional musical styles, particularly among Amhara and Tigray communities.

Construction and design vary, but a typical masenqo features a long wooden neck and a small resonator made from carved wood or a skin-covered body. The single string is tuned to a pitch that the musician changes by pressing the string against the neck and by bowing. The bow is usually a flexible stick with horsehair. The instrument is hollow, which helps produce a bright, singing tone that can accompany vocal melodies.

Playing technique centers on bowing and fingering. The player holds the masenqo in a position that allows the bow to draw across the string while the left hand frets or touches the string at different points on the neck to alter pitch. The result is a melodic line that can range from simple, drone-like accompaniment to more expressive, ornamented phrases. The instrument is often played solo or as part of a small ensemble.

Cultural role and context are broad. The masenqo is used in a variety of settings, including folk storytelling, weddings, markets, and religious gatherings. It has traditionally been played by itinerant musicians and is considered an emblem of Ethiopian musical heritage. In contemporary times, masenqo musicians participate in fusion and world-m music scenes, keeping the instrument integral to Ethiopian and Eritrean cultural expression.