manzanitas

Manzanitas are a common name for the shrubs and small trees in the genus Arctostaphylos, which belong to the family Ericaceae. The name comes from the Spanish word for “little apple,” referencing the small, apple‑like fruits that many species produce. The genus contains over 100 species, ranging from the common manzanita (Arctostaphylos manzanita) to the high‑land species found in mountainous regions of North America. The plants are typically evergreen, with glossy, leathery leaves that are often rolled or revolute, and exude a pleasant, aromatic resin when cut.

The range of manzanitas extends from the western United States, especially California, through Baja California, and into parts of western Canada. They favor well‑drained, acidic soils and are commonly found in chaparral, sagebrush, and pine forests. The plants are adapted to fire-prone ecosystems; many species possess serotinous cones or fruits that open only in response to heat, ensuring seed dispersal after wildfires.

Manzanitas have ecological importance for local wildlife. The fruits are a food source for birds, mammals, and insects, while the dense foliage provides shelter for small animals. Their flowers are tubular and attract pollinators such as bees and hummingbirds. Native American tribes historically used manzanita for food, medicine, and ceremonial purposes, cooking the berries into jams or extracting oils for tanning.

In horticulture, manzanitas are prized for their ornamental bark, distinctive foliage, and drought tolerance. They are often used in xeriscaping and ecological restoration projects. Cultivation requires acidic, well‑drained soil and protection from excessive moisture to prevent root rot. Common challenges include susceptibility to pests such as whiteflies and diseases like powdery mildew, though careful selection of hardy cultivars can mitigate these issues.