manticore

The manticore is a legendary creature that appears in Persian and later European folklore. It is typically described as a carnivorous predator with the body of a lion, a human head often with three rows of sharp teeth, and a tail capable of shooting venomous spines. Some depictions also show wings, though this feature is not universal. The creature is usually portrayed as intelligent and capable of human speech.

Etymology and origins are uncertain, but the name is commonly linked to Persian terms and is widely interpreted as meaning “man-eater.” The first written description is attributed to the ancient Greek physician Ctesias of Cnidos in the 5th century BCE, though details vary across sources. The motif spread through Islamic and European medieval bestiaries, where it was used to symbolize an exotic and dangerous beast encountered far from home.

Cultural role has evolved over time. In medieval lore, manticores functioned as cautionary tales about distant lands and as embodiments of the unknown. They appeared in bestiaries, fables, and later in fantasy literature, film, and games, often as formidable antagonists or guardians. The creature’s intellectual portrayal and its fearsome, multi-formed physique contributed to its staying power in popular imagination.

In modern culture, the manticore remains a staple of fantasy fiction and role-playing games. It is commonly represented in games such as Dungeons & Dragons, where its venomous tail and intimidating presence pose a significant challenge for characters. Variations across works preserve the core traits—human head, lion body, and a dangerous tail—while allowing new interpretations.