formidable

Formidable is an adjective used to describe something that inspires fear, respect, or admiration because of size, power, quality, or difficulty. A formidable opponent or task implies serious challenge and capability, while a formidable person may command awe through skill or achievement.

Etymology and development: the word comes from Latin formidolosus meaning “fearful” or “dreaded,” from formido “fear.” It entered English via Old French formidabel/formidable, with the modern sense developing in the early modern period. In French, formidable continues to carry a similar dual sense of fear and awe.

Usage and nuance: in contemporary English, formidable can carry either a negative or positive connotation depending on context. A formidable obstacle is daunting or intimidating, whereas a formidable talent or intellect is impressive and worthy of respect. It often conveys intensity beyond mere adequacy, signaling that success will require effort, skill, or courage.

Forms and related terms: formidability is the noun form referring to the quality of being formidable; formidably is the adverbial form meaning in a formidable manner. Related synonyms include daunting, intimidating, redoubtable, powerful, and impressive, with subtle distinctions in connotation.

Examples: The mountain presented a formidable climb for hikers. The scientist is a formidable opponent in the grant competition. The team faces a formidable challenge that will test every member’s resolve.

In summary, formidable signals substantial power, difficulty, or impact, rooted in a sense of awe and respect as well as fear.