manifeste

Manifeste, a term used in several languages, notably French, refers to a public declaration of aims, motives, and views issued by an individual, group, or organization. A manifesto typically seeks to persuade, mobilize supporters, and outline a program of action or policy. It can address politics, art, or social movements.

Etymology: From French manifeste, Italian manifesto, and Latin manifestus meaning clear or evident; the term entered modern usage through the 18th–19th centuries.

Manifestos became prominent in modern life. The 1848 Communist Manifesto by Marx and Engels is a foundational political text. The early 20th century produced artistic manifestos, such as the Futurist Manifesto (1909) and the Surrealist Manifesto (1924), which defined new movements and aesthetics.

Purpose and form: Manifestos articulate core beliefs, condemn opponents, and set out principles and calls to action. They are often concise, polemical, and designed for broad public reach rather than legal authority.

Common types include political or ideological manifestos, and artistic or literary manifestos. Notable examples include The Communist Manifesto (1848), The Futurist Manifesto (1909), and The Surrealist Manifesto (1924); later manifestos address technology, culture, or social issues.

While not legally binding, manifestos influence public discourse by shaping agendas, legitimizing movements, and guiding collective action.