malformatsioons

Malformations, also known as birth defects or congenital anomalies, are structural or functional abnormalities that occur during prenatal development. They can affect virtually any part of the body, including organs, limbs, and facial features. The causes of malformations are diverse and can include genetic factors, environmental influences, or a combination of both. Some malformations are inherited, while others arise from spontaneous genetic mutations. Environmental factors that can contribute to malformations include maternal infections during pregnancy, exposure to certain medications or toxins, and nutritional deficiencies.

The impact of a malformation can range from minor and asymptomatic to severe and life-threatening. Some malformations may require immediate medical intervention after birth, while others may be managed with ongoing care or may not significantly impact a person's quality of life. Diagnosis often involves prenatal screening and diagnostic tests, as well as physical examinations and imaging studies after birth. Treatment approaches vary widely depending on the specific malformation and can include surgery, medication, therapy, and supportive care. Research into the causes and prevention of malformations is ongoing, aiming to improve understanding and develop better interventions for affected individuals.