madeira

Madeira is an autonomous region of Portugal located in the North Atlantic Ocean. It comprises the Madeira Archipelago, including the inhabited islands of Madeira and Porto Santo, as well as several smaller uninhabited islets such as Desertas and Selvagens. The regional capital is Funchal. The name Madeira derives from the Portuguese word for wood, reflecting the island’s original forested landscape.

Madeira was discovered and settled in the early 15th century by Portuguese explorers. Its early economy depended on wine, sugar, and trade, and the islands developed as a strategic maritime hub. Today, the economy is driven mainly by tourism, supported by a mild subtropical climate, varied landscapes, levadas (historic irrigation channels), and a robust service sector. Agriculture remains important, with crops such as bananas and flowers still cultivated.

Geographically, Madeira is of volcanic origin and features rugged mountains, deep valleys, and lush vegetation. The Laurisilva of Madeira, an ancient laurel forest, is a UNESCO World Heritage Site and is associated with high biodiversity and unique ecosystems.

Madeira wine, produced on the islands, is a fortified wine known for a distinctive aging process. It comes in traditional styles named after grape varieties, including Sercial, Verdelho, Bual (Boal), and Malmsey (Malvasia), as well as modern blends. The wine is often heated during aging, a process called estufagem, which contributes to its long shelf life and distinctive flavors.

The official language is Portuguese, and the region uses the euro. The archipelago’s climate, biodiversity, and cultural heritage make it a notable destination in the Atlantic.